Several proteins are involved, but two main methods of regulation have been identified: the targeting of mitochondria functionality [91], and directly transducing the signal via adaptor proteins to the apoptotic mechanisms. Figure 4. 2008b). Early studies showed that alaternin could effectively regulate peroxynitrite-mediated nitration and that it was an antioxidant [77]. The apoptosis of nucleoli is accompanied by the disassembly of the nuclear lamina, which leads to the damage of nuclear skeleton, and thereby a decreasing of the photoelectric current as well. The number of protons and neutrons produced in nuclear fragmentation is determined by the following rule. A hydrogen atom with its electron in a deep orbit can greatly enhance fusion with another nucleus because: It is electrically neutral, at the femto-meter level, which facilitates the crossing of the potential barrier posed by the bound-electron cloud of another atom. However, the rate constant of prolyl cis to trans isomerization is at least 1000-fold lower than those of CYPs and FKBPs Uchida et al (1999). Apoptosis is a special form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms in a systematic way [83]. Objects about 100 m in diameter could be diverted from an Earth-crossing trajectory by the impact of a rocket-launched mass, but for larger bodies nuclear explosions seem to be the only practical means of deflection. The navy dashed line shows the single-ion nuclear specific heat calculated assuming an isolated Ho 3 + ion with h x = 0.85 K and A hf = 0.319 K. Green solid lines show a mean-field Monte Carlo calculation including spin-spin interactions (J NN = − 0.64 K, D = 1.29 K). Following addition of PEG and NaCl to a final concentration of 2.5% and 1 M respectively, samples were placed on ice for 10 min and then centrifuged at 16 000 g for 10 min at room temperature. It has many applications in the study of real life networks as well as physical systems. The first member of the parvulin family (Par10 or PPiC) was isolated from E. coli Rahfeld et al (1994) and has a molecular mass of 10.1 kDa. In different cell lines, MG treatment has been shown to induce apoptosis as measured by nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic body formation, indicating an increase in apoptosis. Lycopene treatment also upregulated apoptosis and downregulated the phosphorylation of AKT and Bad in cells exposed to CSC which was associated with inhibition of Cox-2 and Hsp90 (Palozza et al. The essentiality of AHR in this process was demonstrated by studies with Ahr knockout mice. In particular, the first cited work explicitly shows that, for the Klein-Gordon equation in the case of the pure Coulomb potential, the “singular” solutions satisfy the orthogonality condition and also satisfy the boundary condition: when r → 0, lim u(r) = u(0) = 0. If the wave function is not integrable, it cannot be normalized in the entire space. The square-integrability cannot be obtained for the Dirac equation in a pure Coulomb potential. Nuclear fragmentation is one of the morphological signs of apoptosis (42). A second human 14-kDa parvulin (hPar14) was described later Uchida et al (1999). However, they also predicted levels that had never been observed and therefore have been called anomalous. Dopamine also induces apoptosis in the CNS (e.g., pituitary cells) (Jaubert et al. The porphyrias are of two major types: hereditary porphyrias, some of which can be exacerbated by exposure to certain chemicals, and toxic porphyrias, which can be produced by exposure to certain chemicals in susceptible individuals. Rapid energy transfer from the nucleus to a substrate/lattice is possible thanks to the strong near-field coupling between excited nuclear components and the deep-orbit electron and thence to the lattice. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis is regulated by B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins, which control mitochondrial membrane permeability. In this experiment, the degradation of the nuclear DNA was verified by the examination of the gel electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy study of the total DNA. showed that thymoquinone could effectively reduce the rate of MPP+-induced death of dopaminergic neurons in rat brain by 40%; similarly, it could also reduce the death rates in short- and long-term rotenone-induced toxicity models in dopaminergic neurons of rat brain by 33% and 24%, respectively. 2006). Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Intracellular accumulations: Disturbances in cellular metabolism can cause swelling and accumulation of materials such as water (hydropic change) or lipid (fatty change or steatosis). However, fragmentation of sperm nuclear DNA caused by multiple factors including errors in spermiogenesis, poor chromatin compaction, ... DFI is a simple means … [2]), he observes that E decreases and tends to 0, when one makes α decrease and tend to 0. The degree of DNA fragmentation was analyzed by alkaline and neutral Comet assay. The midzonal area, which consists of only two or three cells in the middle of the lobule, is the least common target of hepatotoxicants. Steatosis may be brought about by several distinct mechanisms involving fatty acid and protein metabolism, resulting in an imbalance between uptake of fatty acids and their secretion as very low-density lipoproteins. nuclear reactor {noun} jaderný reaktor {m} fyz. This appears histologically as generalized parenchymal damage with disruption of the normal liver cell arrangement, often accompanied by fever, rash, arthralgias, and eosinophilia. At the mitochondrial level, exogenous MG is highly toxic as it promotes proliferation, swelling, and membrane derangement. The second parvulin in humans (Par14/EPVH) has been identified in all human tissues analyzed so far. Hydropic change, which can be caused by carbon tetrachloride, results from compromised intracellular sodium ion balance. In high-energy proton-nucleus or heavy-ion collisions, the fragmentation of nuclear matter can be viewed as a phase transition. Figure 5: Nuclear modification ratios (Equation 11) as a function of x at Q2 = 10 GeV2 for the gluon PDF in (a) and (b) and for the quark singlet PDF in (c). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. In this study, we examined OVCAR-3 and KB human carcinoma cells using time-lapse video phase-contrast microscopy to characterize the surface and nuclear morphological features of apoptosis in response to treatment with either taxol or ricin. With the relativistic quantum equations habitually used in the literature for computing the bound states of the H atom, we note that there is, in the relativistic form, a crossroad with a choice of value or a choice of sign for a square root in a parameter. Later, in the landmark research of Rita Levi-Montalcini and Victor Hamburger this same process was found to play an important role in the development of the central nervous system, for at discrete stages of development both neuronal and glial cells undergo a highly orchestrated disappearance [2]. We investigate the nuclear fragmentation and atomic cluster formation by means of the recently proposed Quantal Langevin treatment. The nucleus breaks into several discrete chromatin bodies or nucleosomal units due to the degradation of DNA. It has been reported recently that EGCG sensitizes TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Preetismita Borah, Bimal Krishna Banik, in Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry for Sustainable Drug Design, 2020. The human disease porphyria cutanea tarda is a sporadic disorder characterized by decreased activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD), resulting in increased levels of uroporphyrins. Fragmentation is caused by such mechanical forces as wind, wave action, rain, etc. 104 The loci for different intermediate mass fragments are well resolved in the range from lithium The pattern of excretion of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors is characteristic for each type. These reactions are producing highly excited compound nuclei, and thus can be used to study the properties of hot and dense nuclear matter-such as that found in stars. projectile fragmentation reaction is dominated in this energy region, means that the produced lighter ions having similar velocity of projectile will be emitted from reaction point. Treatment of human malignant glioma cells with genistein caused morphological changes with mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis with induction of G2–M phase cell cycle arrest. They concern only the radial solutions of the quantum equations: The wave function has a singular point at the origin. This involved Bax relocation to the mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and, xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, . This involved Bax relocation to the mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and nuclear fragmentation resulting in apoptosis. @misc{etde_20147580, title = {Nuclear fragmentation in central collisions: Ni + Au from 32 to 90 A*MeV; Fragmentation dans les collisions centrales du systeme Ni + Au de 32 a 90 A MeV} author = {Bellaize, N} abstractNote = {Heavy ion collisions are one of tools for studying nuclear system far away from its equilibrium state. Apoptosis derives from a Greek word that means to fall off, as leaves from a tree. M.S. Solving the equation with a smeared out Coulomb potential would produce a solution not diverging at the origin, but with certain minor changes on the deep orbit state. Further studies by Radad et al. NF means Nuclear Fragmentation. This kind of s-BLMs has many applications in the area of membrane biophysics and in the development of biosensors [2,8,10-12]. We argue that fragmentation will occur when the nuclear matter has expanded adiabatically to the onset of hydrodynamic instability, aP/aVI S = 0. Fission occurs in unicellular organisms such as amoeba, bacteria while fragmentation occurs in … • FRAGMENTATION (noun) The noun FRAGMENTATION has 4 senses:. J.E. Because their elimination is impeded, bile substances (including bile acids and pigments, cholesterol, and various endogenous and exogenous conjugated products) accumulate within the liver cells, causing injury that may be exacerbated by the subsequent inflammatory response. It is now believed that among other factors, apoptosis occurs when a cell suffers some form of physiological imbalance. The former can be distinguished from the latter by a number of characteristics, such as nuclear chromatin condensation, plasma membrane blabbing, cell shrinkage, Medicinal plants and their compounds with anticancer properties, Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry for Sustainable Drug Design. Approximately 5 × 10 6 cells were lysed by the addition of 600 µl of DNA fragmentation lysis buffer (0.1% Triton X-100, 5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 20 mM EDTA). According to the path chosen, the resolution process leads either to the usual “regular” solution or to one called an “anomalous” solution, usually rejected because of its singularity at r = 0. applied alaternin in a transient bilateral common carotid artery ischaemia model to effectively reduce the level of thiobarbituric acid products in hippocampal tissues of mice, which indicates its antioxidant and free radical-scavenging abilities. Therefore, the identification must be possible by detecting the difference of LET2. Fullerenes, in particular C60 as a modifier of BLM, have attracted much interest in the study of photoelectric conversion because of the affinity of these molecules for electrons and also, because of their highly hydrophobic properties for doping BLMs [6-9]. From some results indicated in this paper, one can deduce that for the light atoms, the orthogonality criterion is satisfied for l = 0, and thus for the EDO solution found in Ref. target. The working electrode was made of ITO-coated glass with the area of 2.0 cm2. 2008). One widely observed property of apoptotic cells is the cleavage of the DNA into fragments at sites separated by the internucleosomal spacing. Many drugs and chemicals are known to cause cholestasis; prominent examples are anabolic and contraceptive steroids, chlorpromazine, lantadene, sporidesmin, and phalloidin. We discuss the conditions of initial heating and/or compression which lead to fragmentation, and argue that the resulting fragmented matter will be composed mainly of alpha-particles and nucleons. During apoptosis, the cell cytoskeleton breaks up, causing some parts of the cell membrane to bulge outwards. One widely observed property of apoptotic cells is the cleavage of the DNA into fragments at sites separated by the internucleosomal spacing. Pretreatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with delphinidin protected against UVB-mediated induction of apoptosis. NF is an acronym for Nuclear Fragmentation. Of course in such studies we are not interested in reproducing the data coming from nucleus-nucleus collisions but simply in the possibility that a finite charged system “remembers” of a liquid to gas phase transition which occurs in the infinite case limit. A model for nuclear matter fragmentation: phase diagram and cluster distributions J.M. fragmentation a type of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION found in some lower plants (such as Spirogyra or CYANOBACTERIA) where there is separation of the threadlike FILAMENTS (2), each segment of which is capable of growing into a mature organism. Apoptosis was initially described by its morphological characteristics, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. The present photoelectric conversion experiment indicates that photoinduced electron could transfer across BLMs self-assembled on ITO conducting glass and the mediators doped in BLMs could facilitate this transmembrane photoinduced electron transfer. Concerning this, photoelectric effects of bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) and electron mediator modified BLMs have been extensively studied, on account of their potential applications in understanding the mechanism of natural photosynthesis, and in developing photoelectric devices [1-3,52-54]. We can also note several works [11, 12] on the self-adjoint extension of operators for potentials with singularity. The collision with Earth of near-Earth asteroids or comet nuclei poses a potential threat to mankind. This observation has been verified by many subsequent studies in several cell types including lung, colon, pancreas, skin, and prostate (Khan et al. Our starting point has been the analysis of works on EDOs obtained as singular solutions of relativistic quantum equations applied to the hydrogen atom. HTML with link. Luteolin promoted apoptosis with increased activation of caspase-3, -7, and -9 and enhanced PARP cleavage and decreased expression of WAF1/p21, survivin, Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Mdm-2 (Lim do et al. Thus, diseases can be associated with either an undesired inhibition of apoptosis, or in other cases with an undesired increase in apoptosis. Nuclear shaped charges refers to nuclear weapons that focus the energy of their explosion into certain directions, as opposed to a spherical explosion. added MAM to culture medium containing PC12 cells in which the oxidizing agent T-BHP was used to induce apoptosis and showed that MAM could block nuclear fragmentation and the accumulation of apoptotic bodies (markers of apoptosis) in a dose-dependent manner. 7. J.L. Fragmentation of the body by nuclear charges is less efficient or secure. Note the author considers only the case where the angular momentum is null: while expressing the Laplacian Δ in spherical coordinates, he eliminates the term involving the angular momentum operator L, so the classical term in l(l + 1) representing the eigenvalues of L2, does not occur in his computation. During this time, the DNA ladder became distinct. Results for sperm nuclear apoptotic DNA fragmentation (mean; standard deviation) were 12.6%; 4.5% for the control group, 12.2%; 5.5% for the non-seminoma group, and 12.5%; 6.4% for the seminoma group. And, he shows that the conditions satisfied by his ansatz guarantee square integrability of the wave function solution. This rapid de-excitation avoids the nuclear fragmentation, particle emission, and emission of energetic EM radiations characteristic of neutron activation. The nuclear energy absorbed by the deep-orbit electron is rapidly transferred to the adjacent lattice atoms via near-field coupling to their bound electrons and finally by enhanced internal conversion in which the deep-orbit electron leaves with the remaining nuclear energy. Furthermore, the structural model of Par14 provides the molecular basis for the putative role of the amino-terminal tail as a DNA-associating segment Sekerina et al (2000). It also caused significant activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and pretreatment of cells with caspase inhibitor blocked fisetin-induced activation of caspases (Khan et al. The photoconductance of C60-containing BLM is higher than that of undoped BLM, as calculated from the slope of the I/V characteristics [9]. There is another well-known example of changing a physical constant to obtain results: the nonrelativistic limit of a relativistic theory can be obtained if one lets c tend to infinity, and thus the relativistic coefficient γ becomes 1 fοr any speed. We investigate the nuclear fragmentation and atomic cluster formation by means of the recently proposed Quantal Langevin treatment. A. Ottova, ... H.T. Electron transfer along the DNA double helix and along nuclear skeleton is invoked in our interpretation. So, modifying α without caution can certainly lead to paradoxical physical results (e.g., letting α go to zero means that the charge does also; thus, there are no bound states and no BE). These include physiological inhibitors like growth factors (NGF, BDNF, CNTF), zinc, estrogens, androgens, neutral amino acids, viral genes like Cowpox virus crmA, and pharmacological agents such as cysteine protease inhibitors (ICE inhibitors), calpain inhibitors, tumor promoters (PMA), and free radical inhibitors (TMPO). ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Apoptosis was initially described by its morphological characteristics, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and, Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), Endogenously formed MG modifies arginine and lysine residues in proteins that form AGEs, which have been associated with diabetic complications and some neurodegenerative diseases. The WW domain binds with high affinity to phosphoserine-proline motifs Yaffe et al (1997), Lu et al (1999), and preferential binding to phosphorylated proteins is a striking difference to the immunophilins. Search nuclear fragmentation and thousands of other words in English Cobuild dictionary from Reverso. Keywords: nuclear fragmentation, helium beam, PMMA target, differential yield (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) 1. Fragmentation of the body by nuclear charges is less efficient or secure. We discuss conditions and mechanisms through which intermittent fluctuations could be generated in final charge or mass distributions obtained in the fragmentation of complex systems. On the other hand, the TNF family members including TNF, Fas ligand, neurotransmitters like glutamate and dopamine, calcium, glucocorticoids, damage- related inducers like heat shock, viral infection, oncogenes (myc), tumor suppressers (p53), oxidants, free radicals, nutrient deprivation, chemotherapeutics (cisplatin, bleomycin, nitrogen mustards), gamma radiation, UV radiation, and toxins (including MPTP and beta-amyloid) act as inducers of apoptosis. 2005). Cell-free nucleus apoptosis is a new way for evaluating apoptotic effects. Higher oxygen tension in this area can also play a role in susceptibility. The relationship between 2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone and ERK 1/2, JNK signaling pathway. The process by which fragments of an exploding bomb scatter.. This case results essentially from the behavior of the wave function ψ at the origin and not for r → ∞, thanks to the decreasing exponential. After incubating for 1 hour, the chromatin masses blabbed of from the nuclear surface and became apoptotic bodies. Therefore, alaternin is expected to become a candidate compound in anti-PD drug research (Fig. Examples of fragmentation in a sentence, how to use it. 2007). An extrinsic pathway for initiation identified in several toxin studies is an increase in calcium concentration within a cell caused by drug activity, which also can cause apoptosis via calcium-binding protease calpain. In particular, both forms of cell death result from opening of high-conductance permeability transition pores in mitochondria, initiating onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition. They are synthesized from putrescine derived from ornithine catalyzed by ornithine decarboxylase. An energy-loss term that is proportional to the mass removed in fragmenting is used as a correction to the distance of closest ap-proach. Oral intake of apigenin resulted in dose-dependent increase in the protein expression of WAF1/p21, KIP1/p27, INK4a/p16, and INK4c/p18, downmodulation of the protein expression of cyclins and cdks, and decrease in retinoblastoma phosphorylation at serine 780. We do not use this term, a physical concept specifically attached to the cited work, because it is not deduced from (standard) relativistic quantum equations and does not coincide with the deep level model that we are addressing. Nuclear fragmentation. It is a process in which the cell shrinks, and eventually the apoptotic cell bodies that are produced are phagocytosed. After the ITO glass was mounted, the width of the cell was 0.5 mm. Our results provide evidence for male-mediated gene flow and recent isolation of local subpopulations, likely due to habitat fragmentation. Apoptosis is characterized by preservation of membrane integrity, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation, reduction in cellular volume, plasma membrane bleb formation, and, A study on electron deep orbits by quantum relativistic methods, Recent advances in discovery and development of natural products as source for anti-Parkinson's disease lead compounds, . Li et al. Recently, we have reported that lupeol treatment of human metastatic 451Lu melanoma cells caused G(1)–S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of Bax, activation of caspase-3 and induction of PARP cleavage, decreased expression of cyclins and increased expression of p21 protein. January 2012; International Journal of Modern Physics E 02(04) DOI: 10.1142/S0218301393000303. 6). A number of cellular components, such as poly ADP ribose polymerase, may also help regulate apoptosis. Both the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equations predicted levels that were consistent with the nonrelativistic work and with experimental observations. A large and prolonged increase in polyamine levels in the heart seems to correlate with cardiac hypertrophy coupled to apoptosis caused by hypertension. Pin1 and dodo are not essential in mice and flies, respectively, indicating functional redundancy in higher eucaryotes. Most relevant lists of abbreviations for NF (Nuclear Fragmentation) 2. In contrast, BLMs self-assembled on the solid support (dubbed as s-BLM) showed much more stability, and exhibited electrochemical and photoelectric conversion properties. The nuclear envelope becomes discontinuous and the DNA inside it is fragmented in a process referred to as karyorrhexis. 2002). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Nuclear fragmentation should be distinguished from chromatin fragmentation. There was also increase in the p53 and p21 levels in response to genistein. Nuclear Collisions from the Mean field Into the Fragmentation Regime Book Description : At first sight the topic dealt with in this book may seem very technical and specialized. A probable theory for this action involved the set of deep-electron orbits (with binding energies into the 500 keV range) predicted by the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equations. Difference Between Fission and Fragmentation Definition. It was recognized early in the search that, to fit the experimental observations for bringing together two hydrogen atomic nuclei (protons or deuterons) to fuse would involve increasing the electron density between them. A model for nuclear matter fragmentation: phase diagram and cluster distributions J.M. Both necrosis and apoptosis are frequent consequences of toxic liver injury, often preceded by cell swelling and lipid accumulation, and both activate inflammatory pathways that can lead to further pathological changes (fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer). Occurs in. The s-BLM/cytosol nucleoli assemblage responded to white light (200-800 nm). The mass distribution of the noble gas clusters is calculated to be affected significantly near the critical temperature by quantum fluctuations, and this effect is in the opposite direction to that in nuclear fragmentation processes. In the case of the so-called anomalous solutions, the exponent s of the factor in 1/rs is positive, then the radial function R(r) → ∞ when r → 0 and the wave function ψ(r,θ,φ) does not obey a boundary condition. Abstract. We analyse the specific case of power-law distributions and the results obtained by means of a class of break-up processes which are governed by non-linear rate equations. Experimental findings indicate that electron mediator-doped BLMs can accelerate the photoinduced electron transfer across membranes, and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency [2,4]. If the singular point at the origin (in the “Coulomb” potential or the solutions) is suppressed, the wave function is automatically square-integrable. Ophthalmology; 1. Nevertheless, we can cite the work of Naudts [2], where an EDO state is found by using the Klein-Gordon (K-G) equation and the corresponding solution is square integrable. Ellagitannins of pomegranate fruit caused induction of apoptosis via intrinsic pathway through Bcl-xL downregulation with mitochondrial release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, activation of initiator caspase-9, and effector caspase-3 in human colon cancer cells (Larrosa et al. A second physical argument against the EDOs is based on the HUR. The cleavage of nuclear DNA resulted in the damage of DNA molecules as photo-induced electron-transferring bridge. Supported in part by Grant PHY-8109019 from the US National Science Foundation. In his paper, the K-G equation has the following form: Historically, this equation was called the relativistic Schrödinger equation.
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